Lee, J.K., Lee, J.S., Park, H., Cha, Y.S., Yoon, C.S
Eur J Respir Dis Suppl
The skin-specific mechanisms of GHK-Cu include stimulation of Type I and Type III procollagen synthesis, increased production of dermatan sulfate and other glycosaminoglycans, activation of the enzyme lysyl oxidase (which cross-links newly formed collagen), reduction of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1, collagenase) activity, and anti-inflammatory suppression of TNF-alpha-induced IL-6 secretion
Research indicates that fasting may stimulate cellular pathways that enhance the synthesis of glutathione, ultimately supporting antioxidant defenses
Retinol also stimulates collagen production, reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles
Therefore, while efforts undoubtedly need to be intensified towards preventing the onset of the disease and making lifestyle modifications (a fundamental aspect of the therapy for every patient with T2DM), it is clear, as indicated by the most recent guidelines [78], that the pharmacological approach should focus on timely treatment that leaves no room for therapeutic inertia and employs medications that are as effective as possible in both metabolic control and the prevention of chronic complications